How to open an account with a Portuguese bank
This guide is for people who live in Portugal or have just moved here and want to open an ordinary current account with a local bank. Below: what banks usually ask for, what order to do things in and where people most often get stuck, especially if you have a Russian passport, a D visa or a newly issued residence permit.
Which banks there are and how they differ
Portugal has more than twenty banks, but someone opening their first account really chooses from about fifteen. It helps to think of them in three groups: the big five with branches in every town, a few cheap and digital ones, and smaller banks, each with its own character. Who is who is set out below; how they differ on money and in everyday use is in the box ‘Banks: how they differ’ on this page, and where accounts are being opened right now is in the last step.
The big five. Caixa Geral de Depósitos (CGD for short, ‘Caixa’ in conversation) is the state-owned bank and the largest in the country: it has branches and cash machines even in small towns that not every Portuguese person could find on a map. Millennium BCP (full name Banco Comercial Português) is the largest private bank. Santander Portugal is the Portuguese arm of the Spanish Santander group. Novo Banco grew out of what was left of the collapsed Banco Espírito Santo (BES), and on 30 April 2026 it was bought outright by the French group BPCE (Banque Populaire et Caisse d'Épargne). BPI belongs to the Spanish CaixaBank, which is why people in the chats call it ‘Caixa bank’; it has nothing at all to do with Caixa Geral de Depósitos.
Cheap and digital. ActivoBank is a digital bank in the same group as Millennium BCP: the account is free, you apply online, but there are few branches. Banco CTT is the post office bank: it sits inside post offices, and there are more of those in the country than bank branches. Banco BiG (Banco de Investimento Global) and Banco Best are small investment banks. All four have one thing in common: the account itself is free, while Best and BiG charge a yearly card fee of €20 and €15 (December 2025).
Smaller banks. Crédito Agrícola is not a single bank but a network of local cooperative banks, so its branches behave very differently from one another; a ‘Caixa Agrícola’ sign is the same bank. Montepio is a small bank that rarely comes up in people's stories, and almost always with a refusal. Abanca is a Spanish group that took over the Portuguese EuroBic: at the start of 2026 EuroBic customers simply woke up as Abanca customers. Bankinter is Spanish too, and in the chats it is linked with one story: being turned away at the door.
Revolut, Wise, N26 and Trade Republic are not included here: they are not Portuguese banks, they work by different rules, and what they are good for and where they are not accepted is covered in a separate guide, ‘How banks work in Portugal’.
One more thing to bear in mind when reading any list: branches of the same bank behave differently, and descriptions go out of date within months. Almost everything below is about 2025 and 2026, and each observation is marked with when it was made.
“I liked Caixa straight away too, it's kind of like Sber, there are branches and cash machines, the app's pretty decent…. But maybe there's some other difference.”
Translated from Russian; the original is at the linkbanksdeportugal15.06.2026
“From what I've seen, it used to be hard or almost impossible to open an account at Millennium, but once it was open the bank didn't pull any stunts. Even an account opened in 2021 on a C visa worked fine with no restrictions until I got my first residence permit in 2022. Well, apart from one manager who was difficult, but that got sorted by switching branches.”
Translated from Russian; the original is at the linkbanksdeportugal15.06.2026
First pick two to four banks, not just one
At the moment, opening an account in Portugal depends heavily not only on the bank but also on the particular branch and on its internal compliance (checks). Going by people's recent experience, one bank may turn you down straight away while another opens an account with the very same documents.
In practice, the banks people try most often are Caixa Geral de Depósitos (the state bank), Millennium BCP, ActivoBank, Novo Banco and Banco CTT. But it is important to understand that the rules tightened in 2026, and what used to work with a D visa and an AIMA appointment no longer works at some branches. So it is better to have a back-up option from the start.
“Sharing my latest attempts to open an account without a residence permit. My situation: a D visa (digital nomad) valid until the end of May and an AIMA appointment in September. Yesterday and today I went round 4 branches: three Caixa and one CTT in Matosinhos and nearby. Which ones exactly is on the screenshots. Everywhere they refused to take the documents, saying you need a residence permit. At two Caixas I managed to get some documents ‘justifying’ the refusal out of them. Both times they just gave me a list of required documents. At the Caixa in Leça the guy said that literally a month ago they really were accepting people with just a D visa and an AIMA appointment. But now he says that pr”
Translated from Russian; the original is at the linkbanksdeportugal08.04.2026
“Sharing my fresh experience of opening an account at Millennium BCP. The other banks, Activo and Caixa, turned me down after I'd submitted the documents, because of compliance. CTT wouldn't even take the documents without residency. In the end I opened an account at the branch in Sintra with a Russian passport and a D visa. They didn't ask for the AIMA appointment at all, the reference to the appointment in the visa was enough. Documents I needed: NIF; a Portuguese employment contract and my latest payslips; proof of address in Portugal (a declaration from the Finanças portal or a utility bill worked, a rental contract isn't enough).”
Translated from Russian; the original is at the linkPortugal 🇵🇹 TravelAsk chat16.06.2026
Check what status you are opening the account on: a residence permit helps a lot right now
The most noticeable change in recent cases is that in 2026 many branches became much stricter about applicants without a cartão de residência (residence card). At the start of 2026 some people could still open an account with a D visa and an AIMA appointment, but by spring and summer many Caixa and Banco CTT branches were saying they would not accept documents without a residence permit.
If you already have a título/cartão de residência (residence card), your chances are usually better. If so far you only have a D visa and an AIMA appointment, there are still success stories, but that is no longer the rule — it is more a matter of luck with a particular bank and branch.
“Caixa Geral de Depositos opened one for me on a visa that has the reference to an AIMA slot written into it. But it took a while: for a couple of weeks they kept asking for more documents by email before giving the go-ahead to open the account.”
Translated from Russian; the original is at the linkRussosEmPortugal15.01.2026
Get your documents together in advance
Banks usually ask for: your passport, NIF (tax number), proof of address in Portugal, a document showing your right to stay, and proof of income and/or source of funds. If you are an employee — your employment contract and latest payslips; if you have atividade aberta (registered self-employment) — they may ask for recibos, IRS and an explanation of who you work with.
Recent experience shows that a rental contract on its own may not be accepted as proof of address. It is better to have a declaração do portal Finanças (the tax office's address declaration), a utility bill or another official comprovativo de morada (proof of address). The bank may also ask for statements from other banks, tax documents from the country your income comes from and further explanations about your money.
“For the record. Opened an account at Millennium without a residence permit. Branch in Figueira da Foz. Compliance went through in 1 week. What I showed: - AIMA appointment for April 2026 - Passport (Russia) - Funds in a European bank.”
Translated from Russian; the original is at the linkbanksdeportugal27.02.2026
Go to a branch and ask straight away for the full list for your particular case
It is better not to rely only on the general list on the bank's website. In person, the member of staff can usually tell straight away whether they are willing to start an application with your status at all and which documents they will send to compliance.
Ask them to tell you clearly what is missing. In reality the requirements can differ even between neighbouring branches of the same bank. If one branch refused even to accept your documents, it makes sense to try another branch of the same bank in a different town.
“News on D7 Went to Caixa today, after I'd already applied to AIMA And a nice woman there said we'll only open you an account once you've got your residence card. I tell her, but look, D7, and she says no, only after the card. Went to CTT, exact same nice woman said only once you've got the card. Went to another Caixa and a third nice woman there said come back only with residency.”
Translated from Russian; the original is at the linkchatlisboa18.09.2025
Apply and be ready for follow-up requests
After you first apply, your documents often go off for an internal review. At this stage, a few days later, the bank may ask for more paperwork: statements, tax documents, proof of pension, proof of your AIMA appointment, details of your clients if you are self-employed (atividade), old contracts and so on.
It is important to reply quickly and send everything as one clear set. Even if at first you were told ‘everything is fine’, follow-up requests may still come. Sometimes the process takes a few days, sometimes weeks or even months.
Take special care over proof of income and source of funds
This is one of the main filters. Banks in Portugal often want to see not just your balance but where the money came from. For employees — a contract, payslips, IRS; for D7 holders — documents on your pension or passive income; for the self-employed — atividade, recibos, a list of clients, tax returns.
Recent experience shows that this is exactly the stage where many people are turned down, even with a residence permit, a local address and a tax history. The more complicated your income and the more money coming in from abroad, the more questions compliance will have.
Money you transfer here from Russia is a separate story: what paperwork on its source is asked for when you have sold a flat, for savings and for a salary, who exactly asks for it and why transfers get sent back is covered in the guide on transferring money from Russia to Portugal.
“Millennium (in Setúbal) refused to open an account after compliance. I submitted my residence permit, tax returns for 2 years, an employment contract (remote IT work for a company from the UAE), the payments under the contract into my account, account activity, latest electricity and water bills, domicilio fiscal, modelo 2, basically sent them my whole life, but they said no after 3-4 weeks of compliance. A Russian passport is just too toxic, sadly. And that's before Russia's even been put on the FATF blacklist, though there are rumours. If they do, then whether you have temporary or permanent residence, they'll most likely close everyone's accounts in EU banks. We'll be on a par with North Korean citizens, ”
Translated from Russian; the original is at the linkbanksdeportugal23.09.2025
“Millennium opened one for me with a residence permit and a red passport, which I don't think they even looked at... They asked for my IRS on top and also who I work with as a self-employed person. I named 1 company and a private individual, the ones I actually work with, and sent recibos for six months. And then I got a text saying the account was open.”
Translated from Russian; the original is at the linkbanksdeportugal14.08.2026
If one bank turns you down, try another straight away
A refusal at one bank does not automatically mean a refusal everywhere. It regularly happens that ActivoBank and Caixa say no and Millennium says yes, or that a long, fruitless process at Caixa ends with an account being opened at Novo Banco.
But there is an important catch: Millennium BCP and ActivoBank are in the same group, and a refusal at one may be visible at the other. So it is better not to treat them as fully independent options.
“Another slightly off-topic thing I found out: Millennium and Activo Bank are in the same group, and if you were refused at one, it shows up at the other too. Found out the hard way A really lovely woman was opening an account for me at Millennium, and I was already thinking I'd hit the jackpot, and then she says I'd already tried to open an account and been refused.”
Translated from Russian; the original is at the linkbanksdeportugal11.06.2026
Once it is open, check that the account really is active
Do not consider the process finished until the app, the card and payments are working. People's experience shows that a bank sometimes takes a deposit, sends a card or creates an account record, but then does not activate the account or stops the process.
Straight after opening, check that you can log in to the app, make an ordinary transfer, use pagamento de serviços (paying bills), link your card and get your IBAN details. If something does not work, go to the branch straight away, without putting it off.
“Same thing happened to me at Santander. (I have a residence permit.) I filed a complaint about them in the complaints book (the portal), they sent back something along the lines of - we have the right not to open it. So these complaints don't really work. At Caixa it was the same, loads of documents, I spent loads of money on certified translations, and in the end, when there was nothing left to ask me for and I'd handed everything over, they started digging into where my husband's money came from years ago. Long story short, it dragged on and I just got fed up. Novobanco opened an account, sent me a card, but didn't activate the account. Said they don't want you as a customer. And they still took the deposit. Other”
Translated from Russian; the original is at the linkbanksdeportugal08.07.2026
“I got a letter from Caixa, I wrote a statement and updated my details at my home branch, they told me verbally that it's all ok and they won't close it, I asked them to at least email me an official notice that it's all ok, but never got one. As a back-up I opened an account at Millennium. Residency until February. At the branch in Almada they literally took a few documents. NIF Card Atividade Then they asked me to send IRS as well. Not in 3 days like they promised, of course, but in 3 weeks. Didn't have to put anything into the account to activate it. Just now I installed the app and moved some money over from Caixa to Millenniu as a test”
Translated from Russian; the original is at the linkbanksdeportugal14.08.2026
If you already have an account, keep your details and residence permit up to date
For accounts that are already open this is critical right now. Recent cases from 2026 show that banks, especially Caixa Geral de Depósitos, have started checking whether a valid residence permit is on their system and sending account closure letters, or even freezing accounts, if the details have not been updated.
If you have received a new residence permit, a renewal or a letter moving your appointment, do not wait. Go to the Agência (branch) and ask them to enter the updates by hand. Doing it online may not work. After the visit, it is worth asking for confirmation that the documents have been sent to compliance.
“I got a paper letter from Caixa today too. The letter says the decision to close my account was made because of the 19th sanctions package and because my residence permit wasn't on the system. After I provided the residence permit, the bank reassessed and decided to stop the closure process.”
Translated from Russian; the original is at the linkbanksdeportugal03.07.2026
“Same here, on the morning of 12 June we went to the Agencia Caixa in Lisbon ( where the account closure letter came from ), the manager entered everything, we filled in the form again, she scanned the residence permit and sent it all to compliance. Before that everything had been updated online , through the website in my account. P.S. And the day before I'd been to two offices ( including the one where the account was opened). Everywhere they ‘sent me packing’ , but supposedly entered the residence permit))) At the Agência Caixa she said either a notification will come by @ , or the bank will call. But nobody's called me so far.”
Translated from Russian; the original is at the linkbanksdeportugal16.06.2026
Where accounts are being opened now and what they ask for
The rule is simple: with a residence card you have a chance almost everywhere, without one — almost nowhere. Going by recent cases from summer 2026, this is the picture.
Millennium BCP opens accounts for residence permit holders more often than the others, including for people who have had a closure letter from Caixa. They ask for your NIF, residence card, the document showing you have registered your atividade (self-employment) or an employment contract, and last year's IRS, and then follow up asking who you work with — and want to see recibos (invoice-receipts) and your clients' NIFs. It takes from three working days to three weeks.
Santander's internal policy requires Russian citizens to have permanent residence. The refusal can come even after the account has been opened: one person's account was cancelled three hours later by an email from the manager.
Caixa, ActivoBank, Banco CTT, Abanca, Montepio, BPI, Novo Banco, Crédito Agrícola — all of them have turned people down ‘under bank policy’, with no reason given, sometimes after a month of silence. Nickel and Revolut require existing account holders to show a residence permit.
What to prepare so you do not have to go twice: passport, NIF, residence card, proof of address (a declaration from the Portal das Finanças or a utility bill — a rental contract is often not enough), an employment contract with payslips or the atividade document with recibos, IRS and an explanation of where your money comes from. Through e-balcão on the Portal das Finanças you can order a certidão listing all the invoices you have issued and the total — some branches are not satisfied with an ordinary download and need a certificate stamped by the tax office.
And keep the conversation on track: start by saying you want to open an account and hand over your residence card straight away; take the staff member's contact details, send the documents by email and come back the next day. Branches of the same bank decide differently, so a refusal in one place is a reason to go to the next branch, not to give up.
“For the record. Managed to open an account at Millenium with a residence permit and self-employment registered in Portugal. They asked for the self-employment registration doc, residence card, IRS. Later they asked for details of my client companies, I gave their NIFs and showed the contracts themselves for good measure. After that compliance approved opening the account. Bank Millenium Av. Dom Afonso Henriques 805, 4450-015 Matosinhos, Portugal [link] Manager Sandra.”
Translated from Russian; the original is at the linkbanksdeportugal15.05.2026
What a digital bank cannot do instead of a Portuguese one: taxes, contributions and fees
Wise, Revolut and Nickel cover everyday life: you can use them to pay rent, electricity, water, internet and insurance. Wise also handles direct debits (débito direto is a Europe-wide system, and you do not need a Portuguese account for it); Nickel does not. People live like this for years while they wait for a local bank. But payments to the state in Portugal work differently — with two numbers, entidade and referência, inside the Multibanco network, and neobanks are not connected to that network. Hence a simple rule: until you have a Portuguese account, you will have to pay taxes, Segurança Social (social security) contributions and fees in a roundabout way.
There is one exception, with a caveat. Since October 2025 Revolut has worked with MB Way and can make payments using Multibanco codes — but its app does not support automatic payments to the state using the 15-digit payment reference. The bank's support team confirmed this in writing in January 2026 and suggested an ordinary transfer to the tax office's account instead. People in the chats have been complaining about it since then: a link to pay a phone bill does come through to the app, but a link to pay tax does not (December 2025).
You can still pay, and the tax office itself explains how: by transfer to its account with your NIF (tax number) and the payment reference in the transfer description, and for a SWIFT transfer, with a letter from your bank confirming that the account is yours. A walkthrough with the account details, deadlines and paying in cash through Payshop and Pagaqui is in the guide ‘How banks work in Portugal’, in the step on paying tax without a Portuguese account.
What this means when choosing a bank: a neobank buys you time, it is not a replacement. You need a Portuguese account wherever the state is involved: paying by reference, paying fees through a government portal, direct debits for Segurança Social contributions, receiving a tax refund. So it is worth carrying on looking for a local account even if life on Wise or Revolut has already settled down (summer 2026).
“I understand your concern. You are correct that the automated ‘Pagamento ao Estado’ system using a 15-digit reference is not currently supported in the Revolut app. However, we do have many Portuguese business clients who manage their tax obligations by making a Manual SEPA Transfer. To do this, you must use the specific IBAN provided by the Autoridade Tributária (AT) for international transfers. As long as you include your tax reference number in the ‘Reference’ field of the transfer, the authorities will be able to link the payment to your account”
reciboverde19.01.2026
“The Autoridade Tributária e Aduaneira (AT) reminds people of this in its email newsletter. As well as the standard methods within the European SEPA payment system, there is also the option of paying via SWIFT. To do this you need to provide a letter issued by your bank confirming that you own the account. It can be sent to the email address [email] or through the online portal, choosing the following request type.”
Translated from Russian; the original is at the linkmyptaxes21.05.2026
Keep a second account
The main lesson of the 2026 wave is not to keep everything with one bank. People had their only account closed, and everything stopped at once: salary, rent, direct debits, tax payments, applications to AIMA (the Agency for Integration, Migration and Asylum). And by then a new account cannot be opened — since April 2026 banks have hardly opened any without a valid residence card, and for some people the card is exactly what has expired.
What this looks like in real life: a woman went to Montepio to renew her card, they smiled and told her everything would be fine, and instead of a new card they closed her account — and after that she could not open one anywhere else (September 2025).
The working set-up most people end up with: one account with a Portuguese bank — for salary, taxes, fees and anything that needs a local IBAN and a person in a branch; a second one with another Portuguese bank or a digital one, for foreign currency, travel and quick transfers. There is no point keeping both in the same group: Millennium BCP and ActivoBank share compliance (the customer checks department), and a decision at one is visible at the other.
To be honest about the cost. Banks are reluctant to open a second account and ask why you need it. At Caixa Geral de Depósitos, one person showed a contract that listed his Millennium account and got two follow-up requests from compliance: explain why he needed a second account and what was wrong with the first, and prove his declared income — he could not get through the second one (March 2026). And the second price: only people with no other current account are entitled to a basic bank account (conta de serviços mínimos bancários) — by opening a second ordinary account you close off that fallback.
What to do in advance, while your accounts still work: know where the list of your direct debits is (the service providers have it, not the bank), keep a month's living costs in the second account, and do not tie your salary, rent and taxes all to the same account.
“Self-employed people don't need a separate account, but if it's handy - you can set one up. In general it makes sense to open a couple of accounts at decent banks - wherever they'll open one, so you have a spare account.”
Translated from Russian; the original is at the linktaxinportugal25.02.2026
“I used to transfer from my card to a Russian one.I can't speak for everyone, but personally ,when my Montepio bank card expired,I went to renew it,and what do you think..they said it'll all be fine,sent me off with a smile . I wait for the envelope a week, two.. and No such luck .they didn't renew it,they closed the account. And didn't explain anything, and on top of that I can't open an account in my own name anywhere else. So it's all down to luck. Maybe you'll be lucky and they won't ban your accounts. People are recommending me some Nickel thing. I don't think I even want to any more.”
Translated from Russian; the original is at the linkPortugal 🇵🇹 TravelAsk chat22.09.2025
“my friend tried to open a second account at Millennium, they wrung her inside out, went as far as her parents' birth certificates! she offered them her parents' death certificates, the bank refused and just went silent...”
Translated from Russian; the original is at the linkbanksdeportugal24.06.2026
What it costs, according to community conversations
| transfer in one go | up to €100,000 | source |
| transfer fee | 3% | source |
| transfer fee | €1,500 | source |
| OTP–Caixa transfer | €50k | source |
| test transfer to Millennium | 100 | source |
| stuck Bolt transactions | €200 | source |
| Banco Best card per year | €20 a year | source |
| Banco BIG card per year | €15 a year | source |
Banks: how they differ
What changed
- 28 August 2026 — added a link to the guide on transferring money from Russia
- 27 August 2026 — added the steps ‘What a digital bank cannot do instead of a Portuguese one’ and ‘Keep a second account’
- 27 August 2026 — added the step ‘Which banks there are and how they differ’ and a run-down of the banks' pros and cons
- 27 August 2026 — added an up-to-date look at where accounts are being opened now; moved everything about account closures to a separate guide
What to bring
- Passaporte (passport)
- NIF (tax number)
- Título ou cartão de residência (residence card) — this is now the key document: without it hardly anywhere will open an account, and existing ones get closed
- Comprovativo de morada (proof of address): a declaração from the Portal das Finanças or a utility bill; a rental contract is often not enough
- Contrato de trabalho (employment contract) and recibos de vencimento (payslips) — if you are an employee
- The document showing you have registered your atividade (self-employment) and recibos verdes (invoice-receipts) for recent months — if you are self-employed
- Declaração de IRS (tax return) for last year
- A certidão from the Portal das Finanças listing the invoices you have issued and the total — ordered through e-balcão when an ordinary download is not enough for the bank
- Details of your clients: their NIFs and contracts — Millennium almost always asks for these later
- Documents on the source of funds: a sale contract, statements, proof of pension, tax certificates
Where people most often trip up
- In spring and summer 2026 many branches stopped opening accounts on just a D visa and an AIMA appointment: they sometimes used to, but now they often insist on a residence card.
- The same documents can get different results at different branches of the same bank.
- A rental contract is often not enough as proof of address — it is better to have a declaration from Finanças or a utility bill.
- Banks often ask not just for a statement but specifically for proof of the source of funds.
- A refusal or a stalled application can come after the documents have already been accepted and you have been promised an account.
- At Millennium and ActivoBank a refusal can be visible across the group, at both banks at once.
- Once opened, the account may turn out to be inactive: you have a card, but transactions do not go through.
- For existing accounts it is important to update your residence permit in time: out-of-date details lead to closure letters and frozen accounts.
How it went for people
Going round the banks in Leiria without a residence permit
Someone with no residence permit or visa went round the banks in Leiria with an Israeli passport, a NIF, a rental contract, a certificate from the Junta, a water contract and a document from their place of study. Revolut asked for a visa, while Activo, Millennium, Santander and CTT refused to open an account without a residence card; Santander added that it could open a student account for a university student. Caixa agreed to go ahead on the basis of the NIF and the water contract, but asked for more information about incoming payments and finances in other countries, plus a €150 deposit. At the time of the message the account had not yet been opened.
Santander cancelled the account three hours later
Someone with a residence permit valid until October, proof of a renewal application to AIMA and a Portuguese employment contract went to Santander to open an account. The account was opened, but 3 hours later the manager said she was cancelling it. Under the bank's current policy Russian citizens needed permanent residence, so the documents provided were not enough.
Four fintech accounts after refusals from banks
Someone with a residence permit was turned down by Santander, and a complaint through the official portal ended with a reply that the bank was entitled not to open an account. Caixa asked for a great many documents and certified translations, and then for details of where the spouse's money had come from years earlier, at which point the person gave up on the application. Novo Banco issued a card and took a deposit but did not activate the account; other banks had not replied for 2 months. In the end the person managed to open Nickel and Revolut with Portuguese IBANs, plus N26 and Finom with non-Portuguese IBANs.
Refused after a check by Caixa's risk department
Someone with a valid D visa but no residence permit tried to open an account at several Caixa and ActivoBank branches, but they would not accept the documents. Millennium accepted the application but refused a week later. A Caixa branch outside Porto accepted the documents, started opening the account 3 working days later and gave access to the app, but then the risk assessment department blocked the profile. After tax statements, bank statements, contracts and invoices from a business registered abroad were sent in, a final refusal came the next day.
A temporary Caixa card never started working
Someone with a student visa, who had entered as a tourist and had an appointment to apply on 4 May, went to Caixa, which worked with their university. At first the bank issued a temporary card and promised it would start working within 3 days. Then it asked for a previous employment contract, statements, details of savings and rent, the landlord's documents, statements from the resident partner's account and proof of payment of the marriage fee. Once it had all the documents, the bank refused, saying it only opens accounts for residence permit holders.
Two accounts after forty branches
In 2022 one person went round 40 branches of 17 banks in 3 towns. Most banks either refused to accept documents without a residence permit or accepted them and later said no; some applications went unanswered until a second visit. After a lawyer complained to the Banco de Portugal, Caixa Geral de Depósitos opened an account. Crédito Agrícola opened another one after 3 months of review.
Retold in our own words from messages in open chats. The link leads to the full original message.